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@#Objective To compare the clinical effects of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via the left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST) versus lower-end sternal splitting (LESS) approach in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Methods The patients who underwent LAST CABG in Tianjin Chest Hospital from October 2015 to December 2020 were allocated to an observation group (LAST group), and the patients who underwent LESS CABG at the same period were allocated to a LESS group. Propensity score matching method was applied with a ratio of 1∶1. The baseline data, perioperative data and grafts data were compared between the two groups after matching. Results Before matching, there were 110 patients in the LAST group, and 206 patients in the LESS group. After matching, there were 110 patients in each group. In the LAST group, there were 83 males and 27 females with an average age of 60.6±8.3 years. In the LESS group, there were 80 males and 30 females with an average age of 61.0±9.6 years. There was no statistical difference in baseline data between the two groups after matching (P>0.05). The hospital stay time (t=2.255, P=0.025) and ventilator using time (t=−2.229, P=0.027) in the LAST group were significantly shorter than those in the LESS group. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in the postoperative hospital stay time, ICU stay time, postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, average number of grafts, secondary intubation, secondary thoracotomy, postoperative wound infection, sternal complications, postoperative atrial fibrillation, postoperative pulmonary infection or main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of target vessels in the anterior descending branch, diagonal branch or posterior descending branch between the two groups (P>0.05). The grafts of the LAST group were significantly more than those of the LESS group in the area of obtuse marginal branch and posterior ventricular branch, and the grafts of the LESS group were significantly more than those of the LAST group in the area of right coronary artery (P<0.05). Post-operative computerized tomography angiography indicated that 1 patient in the LAST group had obtuse marginal branch vein bridge vessel occlusion, and the bridge vessels in the other patients were unobstructed. Conclusion Minimally invasive CABG via both LAST and LESS approaches is safe and effective. LAST approach can achieve complete revascularization for multi-vessel lesions, and it is safe and reliable, with the advantages of less trauma and aesthetic appearance. However, it requires a certain learning curve of surgical techniques and certain surgical indications.
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RESUMO A patela é um local infrequente para o aparecimento de tumores ósseos, benignos ou malignos, assim como de lesões pseudotumorais. Na literatura existe uma quantidade pequena de trabalhos sobre esse tema. Esse relato de caso trata-se de uma paciente com tumor metastático em patela e reconstrução da deformidade com retalho anterolateral da coxa de fluxo reverso. A reconstrução cutânea e de tecidos moles na região ao redor do joelho é frequentemente desafiadora para o cirurgião plástico e tem como objetivo cobrir a parte óssea exposta, preservando a função articular do joelho e conferir um bom resultado estético. Existe a opção pela utilização de retalhos livres, onde há necessidade de material adequado e equipe treinada. Contudo, a região de anastomose vascular na parte posterior do joelho torna o procedimento ainda mais complexo. O retalho fasciocutâneo anterolateral da coxa reverso, descrito pela primeira vez em 1990, por Zhang et al., parece ser uma opção efetiva e confiável na reconstrução de defeitos ao redor do joelho, haja visto que possui um longo comprimento do pedículo vascular e disponibilidade de partes moles. Existem algumas variações anatômicas em que a perfurante cutânea não se origina do ramo descendente. Esse relato traz uma paciente com perfurante cutânea oriunda do ramo transverso da artéria circunflexa femoral lateral com resultado estético aceitável para cobertura cutânea em região anterior do joelho.
ABSTRACT The patella is an uncommon place for the appearance of bone tumors, benign or malignant, and pseudotumoral lesions. In the literature, there is a small amount of work on this topic. This case report is about a patient with a metastatic tumor in the patella and reconstruction of the deformity with an anterolateral reverse flow thigh flap. Skin and soft tissue reconstruction in the region around the knee are often challenging for the plastic surgeon and aim to cover the exposed bone, preserving the joint function of the knee and providing a good esthetic result. There is an option for the use of free flaps, where there is a need for adequate material and trained staff. However, the vascular anastomosis region at the back of the knee makes the procedure even more complex. The anterolateral reverse thigh fasciocutaneous flap, first described in 1990 by Zhang et al., appears to be an effective and reliable option for reconstructing defects around the knee. It has a long vascular pedicle length and the availability of soft parts. There are some anatomical variations in which the cutaneous perforator does not originate from the descending branch. This report presents a patient with a skin perforator originating from the transverse branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery, with an acceptable aesthetic result for skin coverage in the anterior region of the knee.
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Background:@#To investigate the utility and complications of paratricipital 2 window approach for complex intra articular distal humerus fractures (AO/OTA type C).@*Methods:@#Between December 2012 and September 2016, 27 patients (male-14, female-13) having mean age of 39 years (range, 22-62 years) with closed intra articular fracture (AO/OTA 13 type C) were surgically managed using paratricipital 2 window approach. Fractures were fixed as per AO principles. All patients were followed up for 21 months (range, 12-28 months) prospectively. Functional outcome was measured using Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and complications were observed. Student ttest, Pearson co-relation coefficient and Kruskal Wallis test used for statistical evaluation.@*Result:@#All cases unite by the end of 3 months. Mean flexion achieved was 120° and extension lag was 10°. Mean arc of motion was 111°. Mean pronation and supination was 70° and 77° respectively. MEPS and motion arc were weak negatively co-related with surgical delay and advancement in age. Postoperative transient ulnar nerve palsy and heterotrophic ossification (HO) was noted in 3.7% cases and infection occurred in 7.4% cases. Hardware prominence noted in 11.1% cases. Mean MEPS was 82. MEPS was excellent in 18.5%, good in 62.9%, fair in 11.1% and poor in 7.4% cases.@*Conclusion:@#Paratricipital 2 window approach for these fractures had good functional outcome with fewer complications. We advocate paratricipital 2 window approach when dealing with these complex fractures particularly, in type C1 and type C2.
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@#Introduction: Olecranon osteotomy is well described approach for complex intra-articular distal humeral fractures. In this study, we investigated the usefulness and complications of olecranon osteotomy approach for such fractures. We hypothesise that outcome is comparable in young adults and middle age group and also functional outcome is independent of fracture subtype following surgical fixation. Materials and Methods: Between December 2012 and September 2015, twenty-four adult patients (male: 15, female: 9) having mean age of 41.4 years with closed intra-articular fracture (AO-13C) were surgically managed using olecranon osteotomy approach and were followed-up for a mean of 28.5 months (range: 22-35 months). Functional outcome was measured using Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and complications were observed. Statistical analysis was done using Student t-test and Kruskal Wallis test. Results: All fractures united by the end of three months. Mean elbow flexion achieved was 123°, mean extension lag was 9° and mean active arc of motion was 114°. Mean MEPS was 87 (excellent: 8, good: 14, fair: 1 and poor: 1). Post-operative transient ulnar nerve palsy was noted in two cases, heterotopic ossification (HO) was in one case, infection in two cases, implant prominence in five and elbow stiffness in three cases. Motion arc was higher in young adults and MEPS was comparable in both age group. Functional outcome was also dependent on fracture subtype. Conclusion: The olecranon osteotomy approach for distal humerus fractures had good functional outcome with fewer complications. Joint congruity and fixation could easily be assessed intraoperatively.
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Introduction: Age estimation in living as well as dead is a prerequisite for personal identification and it is increasingly important in criminal and civil matters. The growth of the human skeleton is of major importance for the aging process as the appearance of ossification centers and union of epiphysis relate to a fairly definite sequence and time table that makes skeletal maturity a reliable age indicator according to sex and ethnical differences1,2,3,.This present work is carried out to study the epiphyseal fusion of lower end of femur bone in relation to age, sex, physical development, and nutritional status. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Forensic medicine & Toxicology and Department of Radiology at B.J. Medical College & Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad during the year 2010-2012 on 160 subjects, 80 males and 80 femalesfrom the age-group of 12-20 years. Results: The epiphyseal fusion in both male and female at lower end of femur starts by the age of 13-14 years and complete by 17-18 years in male and 16-17 years in females.It is not found any effect of the dietary habit, height, and weight on the timing of epiphyseal fusion of lower end of femur. Conclusion: From our study we may conclude that the epiphyseal fusion in both male and female at lower end of femur starts by the same age and completes earlier in females than males.There is no effect of diet, height, and weight on epiphyseal fusion of lower end of femur.
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Age estimation is an important task and valuable tool to assist in many civil and criminal procedures, especially in developing countries like India where illiterate population is not aware of the importance of registration of births or the record of registration may not be properly maintained. Physical methods for age estimation are not accurate and eruption of teeth (except third molar) is complete by the age of 16 years. Epiphyseal fusion of long bones is relatively constant in timings and important for age estimation in such cases up to the age of 22 years. This present prospective study is carried out at Forensic Medicine Department of B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad during the year 2009-10 on 104 subjects of either sex with known age from 15-21 years. It was noticed that the epiphyseal fusion at lower end of radius and ulna processes and progresses bilaterally symmetrical, begins at the age of 16-18 years and completes by the end of 20 year. It was further noticed union at lower end of ulna occurs in advance of radius and females show union in advance of male subjects.
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Os retalhos de vasos perfurantes representam um avanço no tratamento das perdas cutâneas. No terço distal da perna as opções para a cobertura cutânea são poucas e muitas vezes devemos recorrer a microcirurgia. Neste trabalho realizou-se uma avaliação prospectiva de 20 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento de áreas cruentas no terço distal da perna através de retalhos pediculados em artéria perfurante. A localização das artéria perfurantes foi feita , no pré-operatório , através do exame de eco-doppler. Os retalhos foram planejados de forma a permitir sua rotação junto à área cruenta em até 180 graus. Em 6 casos os vasos perfurantes tinham como origem a artéria fibular, em 10 a artéria tibial posterior e 4 a artéria tibial anterior. O índice de acerto do eco-doppler foi de 88,2 por cento. Em pacientes jovens com lesões traumáticas houve 15,4 por cento de falha do procedimento e 33,3 por cento em pacientes com morbidades associadas. Baseado em nossos resultados concluímos ser o retalho de perfurante uma boa opção de tratamento das perdas cutâneas no segmento distal da perna.
Perforating vessels patches represent an advancement in terms of skin failures treatment. On the distal third of the leg, the alternatives for skin covering are scarce, often requiring microsurgery. In this study, we aimed to make a prospective assessment of 20 patients submitted to treatment of bloody areas of leg's distal third by means of pedicled patches in perforating arteries. The location of the perforating arteries was preoperatively found using the ecodoppler test. The patches were planned to allow up to 180-degree rotation in the bloody area. In 6 cases, perforating vessels had the fibular artery as source; in 10, the posterior tibial artery, and; in 4, the anterior tibial artery. The accuracy rate of the ecodoppler was 88.2 percent. For young patients presenting injuries caused by trauma, procedure failures were found in 15.4 percent, and for those with associated comorbidities, 33.3 percent. Based on our studies, we conclude that perforating vessels patches are a good alternative for skin failures on the distal segment of the leg.